Hello, usually when a stone column improvement is to be implemented in the case of a liquefaction potencial zone, there are a number of things to check, being one of them a sufficient lateral extent proportional to the height of the liquefied stratum...but what would be the recommended solution if there is no space for that (for example in the case of the building in the edge of the property).
I've read that the use a rigid diaphragm would serve as confinement measure, but haven't found anything about how to calculate that or about the design variables for such edge solution.
Any ideas about this?
Skirted granular piles are a good option. In this option, a RCC pipe of diameter equal to the stone column diameter (minimum length = 5 x dia of stone column or till bottom of liquefiable zone, whichever is deeper) may be placed in the two outermost rows of stone column system. The stone columns should extend to the planned depth; the pipe in the top portion will limit bulging of the stone column, thus acting as a skirt that constrains displacement. This will effectively provide peripheral restrainment to the stone columns.
Of course diaphragm walls may also solve the problem.
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