I have TiO2 powder with 20 nm particle size. How i can make its paste to use it in the fabrication of Perovskite solar cell? What is the standard method to prepare TiO2 paste from TiO2 particles?
If you have a TiO2 powder it's not 20 nm in particle size - at least there are no free, discrete, and independent particles of this size in the system. In water 20 nm TiO2 made from sol-gel gives a completely clear suspension that looks like water. The powder form is a collection of fused sub- and post-micron aggregates. See for example:
Nov 11th, 2008. Dispersion and nanotechnology http://tinyurl.com/hpywsge
Phosphates in the optimum concentration are normally used to stabilize TiO2 in aqueous based systems. You'll need a 800W Soniprobe, 15 minutes of sonication, for around 20 mg of sample in 20 mL fluid - you'd have to ultrasonically mill your product top down.. The optimum phosphate addition can be found empirically or by experiment.
Better is to make your TiO2 from a bottom-up sol-gel process.
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