In Ti 2p spectrum I have an intense Ti 2p 3/2 peak at 458.5 eV (corresponding to Ti4+) with additional shoulder peak at higher binding eneregy, I couldnot consider it as Ti3+ satellite because there is no shouldering at lower binding energy (which might be the actual Ti3+ peak). Please help me to interpret this.
Are you considering both Ti 2p peaks in determining the peak fitting? Can you post an example of the spectrum.
Dear Weimer, Yeah I have considered both Ti 2p 1/2 and 3/2 peaks both are having shoulder peak at higher BE for one sample whereas for another sample both the peaks are almost symmetric with no/less shoulder. I have attached both the files for your perusal. Thanks
What exact chemistry do you expect on the samples? Metals, oxides, nitrides, halides ...? What other references have you consulted with regard to the expected chemistry of the sample? For example, see this ...
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3259234_jpis-41-263-g001&req=4
What is the baseline (linear, Shirley, or Tougaard)? What is the appearance of the baseline fit out to at least 475 eV? Are the peaks for the 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 fit as a doublet or individually?
I am expecting only titanium di oxide. Only difference between sample 1 and 2 are it was subjected to different oxygen environment. I could not find any reference explaining the shoulder peak at higher binding energy as obtained in the sample 1, I have seen the reference what you have shared, it says the position might be Ti2+ state (TiO) but its formation is thermodynamically less favored. I have used Tougaard baseline correction and the scan data I have is only till 472 eV. I am attaching the raw data from Ti scan for sample 1.
The sample appears to have a mixture of oxides. This reference may be of further interest.
http://www.xpsfitting.com/2008/09/titanium.html
A Google Scholar search on "xps of ti" also gives extensive listings.
I add a final note of caution. The fitting envelopes in Sample 1 and Sample 2 do not track the raw data well in various places. The envelope either overshoots or undershoots the raw data significantly. When I would see this peak fitting result as a report, I would reject the analysis immediately as being incorrectly done. The peak shape should be fit better once additional oxide peaks are added.
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep32355#s1
there is possibility that you get only 2p1/2 peak for Ti3+. Please look at the above paper.
It is possible that the spectrum has differential charging. How did you try to control the built up charge?
we also observed a litter contente at 460eV. i found some information which indicated it is Ti2+. i need more infor to verify it.
Hi,
I agree with prof. Jeffrey J Weimer . The spectra suggests the mixture of oxides and you can a huge collection of articles published with XPS studies of TiO2.
I would recommend to do baseline correction again and try to de-convolute the spectra with proper fitting parameters such as peak separation, FWHM and area restriction etc.
Best of Luck.
-Aayush
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