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On physics laws and parallel universes, “does the God play with infinitely many dices?” What can be expected on physics laws in parallel universes? In our universe there exist some physical quantities and interactions for example mass, electric charge, gravity, electromagnetism, gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. Galileo, Newton, Kepler, Kopernic, Nasîrüddin Tûsî, Maxwell, Einstein etc, very important scientists studied and derived the physics laws [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. It is possible to study the Dynamics of our universe from infinitely small to infinitely large scale. Our universe has its own physical quantities, physical laws. But it is not certain that in other parallel universes there exist same physical quantities (mass, electric charge etc), interactions, radiations. They may have new exotic different physical quantities, their different interactions. Even if same quantities, interactions exist, it is certain that their magnitudes and ratios may not the same. Despite in our universe the ratio of (electromagnetism/gravity is nearly 10^40), this ratio maybe reverse or largely different. In that case how can be governed the contact and information exchange among them. In other parallel universes new exotic physical quantities and interactions are possible, same kind periodic table may not exist. Some restrictions in quantum mechanics are valid in our universe, such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Pauli exclusion principle. In other universes very different kind exotic structures massless, chargeless may exist, and very different exotic quantum rules. In our universe there exist some limit points such as speed of light, absolute zero Kelvin degree, event horizons of black holes. It is completely possible to study and analyze all physics until these limit points, but unfortunately physics laws do not work beyond them. But two points are clearly definite, first one is basic primary school calculus (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and second one is Einstein covariance of the physics laws in parallel universes. A parallel universe has its own physical quantities, interactions, laws etc., and naturally these physical laws must be written in the same mathematical form totally independent of any reference frame. Two observers from from two different reference frames must observe the same physics and must study same physics formulas, despite two reference may move relatively to each other uniformly, or with acceleration a, or higher order acceleration a^(n>1). In our universe, velocity dependent potentials, special relativity with uniform motion, general relativity with acceleration, the contancy of speed of light , absolute Kelvin zero degree (- 273 degree), event horizon of a black hole, atomic and nuclear structures in quantum mechanis are well studied concepts. Einstein field equations result in so many, nearly infinitely many, solutions. Most of them do not have physically correspondence in this universe. Gödel universe is a very good and intelligent example for this case. Against quantum mechanics probabilistic interpretation, Einstein has said that “the god does not play dice”. But in this case for infinitely many parallel universes “the God prefers to play with infinitely many dices”. References: 1- Nasir al-Din al Tusi: Tusi (1201-1274 a.d.) was an Arabic scholar whose writings became the standard texts in several disciplines for several centuries. They include editions of Euclid's Elements and Ptolemy's "Almagest," as well as other books on mathematics and astronomy, and books on logic, ethics, religion. He wrote the "Tadhkira," to be "a summary account of astronomy' presented in narrative form. The details are expounded and proofs of the validity are furnished in the "Almagest." Indeed, ours would not be a complete science if taken in isolation from the "Almagest" for it is a report of what is established therein." It is thus not only a sort of running commentary on the "Almagest," but also an account of medieval Arabic cosmology. Jamil Ragep has not only translated the text of the "Tadhkira," but has also provided a lengthy introduction with a biography of Tusi and a discussion of the context in which the "Tadhkira" was written and its influence, as well as a detailed and thorough commentary on each section of the text. 2- Einstein : The Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity “Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativit ̈atstheorie’.Annalen derPhysik, 49, 769–822 1916” 3- Maxwell James Clerk, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetisim, 1873, 4- Galilei Galileo “Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences” 5- Isaac Newton “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica 6- Johannes Kepler, “The Harmonies of the World” 1619 Nicolaus Copernicus, “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium – On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres” 1543

The Universe from the Perspective of a Physical Observer

Cosmology is the science of the structure of the Universe from the perspective of a physical observer. Cosmological models in each era are constructed based on the concepts of space and time corresponding to that era. The theoretical foundation is based on scientific explanations of the phenomena considered within the model. The mathematical basis of general relativity is pseudo-Riemannian four-dimensional curved spacetime. The maximum speed of information/energy transfer in this model is the speed of light. Modern cosmology is confined to this model and therefore does not allow for energy/information transfer at speeds exceeding this speed. The possibility of instantaneous energy/information transfer from an object to an observer is also denied. However, the criterion for the truth of science is not theory, but experiment. It follows that if observations/experiments yield results that cannot be explained within the framework of modern science, then it is necessary to consider constructing a new framework that includes the spacetime of General Relativity as a special case.

Specifically, we are discussing an expansion of the mathematical foundation of general relativity. A generalized four-dimensional space is proposed as the base space, including the Riemannian spacetime of general relativity as a special case. This means that the determinant of the fundamental metric tensor of this space can take the value zero. The structure of this generalized spacetime allows us to explain the results of astronomer Kozyrev's observations of the positions of astronomical objects (stars, planets, star clusters, and galaxies): 1) at the moment of arrival of a signal traveling at the speed of light to the observer (past), 2) at the moment of observation (true), 3) at the moment of arrival of the reflected signal at the source (future).

Expanding the mathematical foundation of general relativity will also explain the biophysicist Shnoll's observations of changes in the shape of histograms for various processes. A histogram is a sequence of measured results for different processes. The shape of a histogram characterizes the fine structure of the change in the measured quantity, i.e., it is a visual indicator of the state of the world at a given place at a given moment in time. In fact, Shnol's measurements, conducted over several decades (!), were aimed at a detailed study of the structure of Time over both short and long time intervals. Shnol's observations also revealed that histogram shapes repeat at certain intervals for measurements of completely different processes: alpha-particle emission, the rate of chemical reactions, physiological processes in the tissues of living organisms... Regardless of the nature of the process being studied, the shape of histograms has a daily repetition period. When moving on to measuring small intervals (hours, minutes, seconds), it became clear that for minute and second intervals, there are two types of days: solar (1440 minutes, or 24 hours) and stellar (1436 minutes, or 23 hours 56 minutes). This is clearly evident for any process. Shnoll' reached a fundamental conclusion: the shape of the histograms does not depend on the nature of the process, but only on the location of the experiment and the local time. Pointing the instrument at Polaris, i.e., in the direction of the Earth's rotation axis, he discovered that the histogram shapes ceased to repeat after 24 hours. It turned out that the concept of longitude emerges with increasing distance from the singular point (the pole). Thus, time along the planet's rotation axis stops for the observer. This means that time is directly linked to the rotation of space.

Zelmanov proved that the rotation of three-dimensional space occurs when the observer's three-dimensional space is inclined to the timelines at the observation location. In this case, the space is called nonholonomic. He also proved that the nonholonomy of the observer's three-dimensional space manifests itself as the inclination of the timelines at the observation location to three-dimensional space. The magnitude of the inclination and its direction are directly related to the speed of rotation of the space, which depends on the cosine of the angle of inclination of the three-dimensional space to the observer's timelines. If the space is orthogonal to the timelines at the observation location, then it is called holonomic. In this case, it does not rotate. Accordingly, non-orthogonal spaces inclined to the timelines are called nonholonomic. Spaces oriented along the timeline at the observation location rotate at the speed of light in one direction or another, i.e., into the past or the future, depending on the direction of rotation. Obviously, a material observer cannot coexist with such a frame of reference associated with instantaneous movements (teleportations) into the past or the future.

Therefore, modern science faces many unsolved problems. In particular, mathematics lacks a precise definition of the concept of nonholonomics. It is simply associated with certain system parameters unrelated to the motion of the bodies.