The potential energy of a 1 kg mass due to the sun's gravitational potential at the earth position is about 109 J (1 GWs). The cumulative gravitational potential of all masses within the visible universe is about 108 times larger. At this potential a 1 kg mass will hold a potential energy of about 1017 J which is equivalent to E = mc^2. This may be interpreted as a strong vote in favour of Mach's Principle telling that certain local phenomena might be related to the background masses of the universe.

https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174916/https://www.researchgate.net/project/Local-effects-of-remote-masses

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_rest_mass_of_a_body_equivalent_to_local_accumulated_gravitational_potential_originating_from_remote_masses_of_the_universe

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