Dear Dr. Johnson Frank Guria ,

I suggest you to have at the following, interesting paper:

- Introductory Chapter: A Brief Introduction to Porous Ceramic

By Uday M. Basheer Al-Naib

In book: Recent Advances in Porous Ceramics - ISBN: 978-1-78923-653-8 (2018)

Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-porous-ceramics/introductory-chapter-a-brief-introduction-to-porous-ceramic

My best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

Dear Johnson Frank Guria

The porosity correction of your sample can be estimated by knowing the Relative density of your sample

Relative density =(Measured density/Theoretical density )%

Porosity = (1-Relative density)%

You can read this article

M.S. Alkathy et al. / Ceramics International 42 (2016) 15432–15441

Regards

Dear Dr. Johnson Frank Guria ,

I suggest you to have at the following, interesting paper:

- Introductory Chapter: A Brief Introduction to Porous Ceramic

By Uday M. Basheer Al-Naib

In book: Recent Advances in Porous Ceramics - ISBN: 978-1-78923-653-8 (2018)

Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-porous-ceramics/introductory-chapter-a-brief-introduction-to-porous-ceramic

My best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

You can use the methods that described in

1. ASTM standard C373-18,

2. EN 1094-4:1995 Insulating refractory products - Part 4: Determination of bulk density and true porosity,

3. EN 1389:2003 Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Physical properties - Determination of density and apparent porosity,

4. EN 623-2:1993 Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 2: Determination of density and porosity

5. EN 993-1:2018 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity

6. EN ISO 10545-3:2018 Ceramic tiles - Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density (ISO 10545-3:2018)

whichever standard works for you.

You can estimate the porosity percentage (P%) by measuring the relative density (RD) of your composite (P% + RD = 100). Relative density can be calculated by measuring the bulk density and dividing it by the theoretical density of the composite. Bulk density can be metered using the Archimedes method. The theoretical density can be calculated employing the Rule of Mixtures.

Thank you all for your useful answers