PCG (Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient) methods are more effective than CG (Conjugate Gradient) methods to solve optimization problems (in machine learning).

So my question is how can I find that if a dataset is ill-conditioned?

Condition number (l) = max value of eigen value divided by min value of eigen value.

If l >> 1 then it we say it is ill-conditioned

If l approx = 1 the well-conditioned.

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