Requirements:
Films on ITO/ITO patterned glass for solar devices.
Annealing temperature should not exceed 180 C.
No need for pre-heating of substrates. We don't want to follow this method.
Ideally without antisolvent, but antisolvent can be used.
The films should be shiny and stable after the annealing.
The films need to be prepared inside the glovebox in N2 environment.
I have tried different recipes with CsI, PbI2, DMAI as precursors and simple DMF, DMF/DMSO as solvent reported in the literature and with antisolvents like Toluene, Chlorobenzene, Ethyl Acetate. I do get the films on ITO glass but there are issues:
1- The films are opaque and not shiny.
2- They are not stable and start to turn yellow even during the annealing.
3- I do get shiny black films on simple glass (not ITO Glass) but they are also unstable if annealing done more than 2 mins.
I have attached the image of films I recently prepared on ITO glass. The black films were taken out of the hotplate right after they turn black (after around 1 min) but opaque. If I continue to anneal them beyond 2 min they start to turn yellow as seen in the image.
Please share your experiences. Any kind of suggestions are highly appreciated.
Thanks and Regards,
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