Do you know the methods to estimate soil evaporation reliably in cold and arid region (especially with shallow groundwater level) other than in-situ experiments during freezing-thawing period? Some researchers used the Penman-Monteith equation to estimate the evapotranspiration during freezing-thawing period. Since there were not any crops in the freezing-thawing period in farmland, things were then concentrated on figuring out how much soil evaporation released. Things would be more complex if there were some land covers (straw, snow, or residues et al) on the farmland. I don't know whether the ET0 calculated by Penman-Monteith equation can represent the soil evaporation scientificly. If not, are there any other recommanded methods ?
Well,
Maybe the evaporation is zero like rainfall is zero in an arid hot region.
Regards
Well as per my experience the methods of estmation and measurements will remain same as for other tegions. Estimation can be done using various empirical relationship provided one must have the minimum data required for the particular methods used. For the direct field measurements one need to install the lysimeter which are available in various models. For Esvpariation we should install the Evaporimeter and multilply with the pan coefficient for ET computaron.
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