How to draw a conclusion that particular binding energy value of an element in XPS data relates to which oxidation state of that particular element?
For Eg. Co2p3/2 and Co2p1/2 peaks at ~792.6 and ~797.6 eV , how can we analyze oxidation state of Co from peak values?
Generally, there are theoretical and experimental databases that contain detailed information regarding the binding energy of the elements in different states. However, the values given in these databases may NOT be obtained in certain test due to different issues regarding the instrumentation.
Regarding the cobalt, it is possible to distinguish the oxidation states using satellite features of its 2p spectrum; CoO has clear satellite features as compared with Co3O4 specially for the Co2p3/2.
For more details, please refer to the following websites:
http://www.xpsfitting.com/2012/01/cobalt.html
https://xpssimplified.com/elements/cobalt.php
Nist is also very good and famous database for XPS data evaluation
https://srdata.nist.gov/xps/selEnergyType.aspx
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