According to the Sentinel-2 user guide here (https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-2-msi/naming-convention), the compact naming convention is arranged as follows:
The second date is the "" field, which is 15 characters in length, and is used to distinguish between different end user products from the same datatake.
For a single tile, there could be multiple product discriminators. Here I have these two different product discriminators for the same tile 51TYN:
I checked out the pixel values in ENVI and the corresponding pixel pairs have slightly different values.
To do a montly median composite using the timeseries images, the same location in different image in such a case should be only counted once. Since these two images are taken from the same tile, which one should I use if I want to do a montly composite?