In a biological system involving activated carbon, removal of bulk organic matter as well as organic micropollutants can take place principally by the mechanisms biodegradation/biotransformation, sorption onto sludge (biosorption), adsorption onto activated carbon, and others such as chemical transformation and volatilization.
knowing that from the three-stage process proposed by Dussert et al. (1994) and Lohwacharin et al. (2011), adsorption and biological degradation processes operate in parallel for some times. How do we properly measure, see or quantify the removal efficiency of the remaining mechanisms()?