You can use an analytical solution for the diffuse reflectance in the diffusion approximation. It depends on the absorption coefficient, and you can use it as parameter when fitting the experimentally measured spectra to modeling. Then, you get mu_a. The article below demonstrates how this can be applied for detecting and quantifying a presence of Au nanoshells in turbid media.
If somebody can provide an earlier reference for DOS+gold NPs combination, please let me know. I'm collecting references for a manuscript in preparation.
http://research.bme.utexas.edu/tunnell/publications/documents/Zamanetal_NanoshellDOS_IEEEJSelTopQuantElec_2007.pdf
In vivo detection of gold nanoshells in tumors using diffuse optical spectroscopy
Zaman, RT et al
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Pages: 1715-1720
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.910804
Published: NOV-DEC 2007
General description of possible analytical solutions for computing of absorption and also scattering coefficient form diffuse reflectance spectra is written for example in book: Georg A. Klein: Industrial Color Physics, Springer 2010, ISBN 978-1-4419-1196-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1197-1, Chapter 5 Theories of Radiative Transfer
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