A Fractional Order Controller (FOC) typically uses the fractional-order derivative as “enhancement” in part of the mainstream control systems, such as fractional order sliding mode control, fractional order backstepping control, fractional order fuzzy control, and fractional order PID control. The following example shows how to design a simple fractional order sliding mode controller.
Consider a nonlinear control-affine system given by
x' = f(x) + Bu + d
where x is the state vector, f(x) is a smooth nonlinear function of its argument, B is the input matrix, u is the control vector, and d is the disturbance. A desired transformation
ς = λx
is introduced, where ς ∈ Rm×n and it is assumed that λB ≠ 0. Taking the time derivative of ς yield
ς' = λx'
and it easily follows that
ς' = λf(x) + λBu + λd.
The sliding manifold is chosen as
s = ς + Dας
where Dας is the fractional derivative term and 0 (1/2) απ.
On top of the valuable literature suggested by Prof. Lafifi and Prof. Khan, you are also advised to refer to Prof. YangQuan Chen's works in Fractional-Order Control Systems. Here is just one of the books.