Thank you Edwards for the question. In general, students learn theory then apply it to a specific situation with no major problems. On the other hand, researchers face a probelm and try to link a theory (INQUIRY) to solve it . It is well known that problem-based or Inquiry-based learning strategies are teaching methods that transform students into authentic investigators and increases their responsibility and motivation for learning. Based on this, many researchers are investigating ways to integrate scientific research into learning activities.

1. For students as active learners, scientific research could be used as Research-based (research process ) or Research-totured (research content). 2. For students as passive learners, scientific research could be used as Research-oriented (research process) or Research-led ( research content).

I hope this is helpful...

Regards

Zin Eddine

Thanks Zin. In teaching institution the focus is very much of teaching quality and student's learning outcomes, with strong emphasis on Instructor's teaching methodologies.In the research based institutions, more emphasis are put on applied research while teaching is somewhat delegated to learners - students. Naturally, prestigious high ranking research - academic institutions have privilege of attracting and selecting most talented and capable students, who are quite proactive and independent learners and may not require spoon-feeding teaching style.

Dear Dr Babulak,

I think it very much matters whether students are at the undergraduate or graduate level. As I see it, graduate students are probably involved more in research projects than undergraduates, so they will probably profit more from a research university.

Yours sincerely,

Rainer