You cannot determine the relative density using a standard Proctor test. Instead, you need to conduct specific tests on the sand to obtain its minimum and maximum void ratios. Several test methods for this are outlined in ASTM standards. Alternatively, you can refer to BS 1377-4:1990 for the determination of the minimum density of sands. For maximum density, Bowles (1986) suggested using a Proctor mould and a rubber hammer.

Dear Zaid,

Since quartz sand is a cohesionless soil, traditional compaction methods like the Proctor test often do not work effectively because sand particles do not develop cohesion with water as clayey or silty soils do. Instead, the Relative Density Test (ASTM D4253 & D4254) is the most appropriate method to determine its maximum and minimum densities.

Thank you.

Best regards,

Dr Shiva