M Sai DEBASISA Patra M Sai, I don't know about your specific question. But suggest do a search of ResearchGate questions and articles. In the past numerous discussions have addressed antenna design and influence of materials

ten en cuenta estas cosas , podrian estar ocacionando la falla: 1. Ensure Overlapping Negative 𝜺 and 𝝁 Ranges

Problem: If 𝜇 is not negative in the same range as 𝜀, the metamaterial does not operate as a double-negative medium (DNG) across the entire band of interest, leading to scattering or losses.

Solution: Redesign the unit cells to synchronize the electric (controls 𝜀) and magnetic (controls 𝜇) resonances. For example:

Use electrically coupled structures (e.g., fractal dipoles) to tune 𝜀.

Incorporate magnetic resonators (e.g., split-ring resonators, "SRRs") with geometries that extend the range of negative 𝜇.

Optimize parameters like cell size, thickness, and spacing through parametric simulations.

2. Minimize Losses (Imaginary Parts of 𝜺 and 𝝁)

Problem: Resonant metamaterials often have high losses (Im[𝜀], Im[𝜇] > 0), reducing radiation efficiency.

Solution:

Use low-loss materials (e.g., substrates with low loss tangent like Rogers RT/duroid).

Implement non-resonant designs (e.g., transmission-line-based structures) that provide negative 𝜀 and 𝜇 with lower Q.

Apply active metamaterials with gain elements (varactor diodes, transistors) to compensate for losses.

3. Optimize the Metamaterial's Characteristic Impedance

Relation 𝜼 = √(𝝁/𝜺): It should match free-space impedance (≈377 Ω) to minimize reflections.

If 𝜇 is less negative than 𝜀, adjust the ratio (e.g., reduce |𝜀| or increase |𝜇|) to achieve 𝜂 ≈ 1.

Example: If 𝜀 = -4 and 𝜇 = -1, 𝜂 = 0.5 → 33% reflection (Γ = (1-0.5)/(1+0.5) = 1/3). Improve to 𝜀 = -2, 𝜇 = -0.5 → 𝜂 = 0.5 (same issue). Instead, aim for 𝜀 = -3, 𝜇 = -3 → 𝜂 = 1.

4. Metamaterial Layer Design

Thickness and Positioning:

To function as a superlens, the thickness should be

t

=

λ

/

(

2

∣

n

∣

)

t=λ/(2∣n∣) for perfect focusing (if

n

=

−

1

n=−1,

t

=

λ

/

2

t=λ/2).

If the metamaterial is used as a coating, verify the distance to the antenna to avoid detuning due to near-field coupling.

Periodic Configuration: Ensure the cell periodicity is