I recommend this tutorial to quantify Landcover's changes in space and time and the use of markov chains: http://benbestphd.com/landscape-ecology-labs/lab2.html
Also, for this purpose you can use the lulcc package : https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/41199/3/gmd-8-3215-2015.pdf
And this paper: Article Examining Land Use and Land Cover Spatiotemporal Change and ...