I am simulation one fiber optic liquid level sensor where I am taking 1cm long multimode fiber. The cladding of the multimode fiber is removed by chemical etching process. For, measuring the liquid level, some portion of the fiber is immersed in the liquid and the remaining portion in in the air. Thus, the guided mode beam profile in the air-cladding section and that in the fluid-cladding section should be different. So there should be mode conversion loss.

Is there any theoretical formula to calculate such mode conversion loss.

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