I read about data mining in agricultural applications but i need your help to apply this approach for following the crop growth at each stage.
Don't start with time series analysis at all, that's not what you are after.
The timing of plant growth stages is proportional to the amount of energy that has been accumulated. The oldest / most straightforward way is "growing degree-days" (GDD), which is essentially just summing average daily temperatures over some interval.
You can look into the literature for the amount of GDD needed to hit different development stages (I'm familiar with wheat, and I know data exist for corn and chickpeas, but I don't know what you study).
A somewhat old-timey term you should also lookup is "phyllochron" which is the amount of GDD between successive leaf tip appearances. Several wheat models have GDD for each growth stage, and the one I adapted was based on phyllochrons.
The next step is to apply that "data mining methodology" jargon you stated and figure out how how many days it would take to accumulate some amount of GDD, given something like daily temperature records (and a starting date) for a location of interest. If you knew what days a given growth stage could occur at then you could look into other variables that also occur during the same period.
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