Systems biology is a discipline to understand not how an individual’s function but how complexity systems (many interacting parts) in biology works. It Involves very precise measurement of activities and a computational mathematical modeling of complex biological systems.
How the central dogma of molecular biology is explained insight of systems biology?
The official definition follows:
The classic view of the central dogma of biology states that "the coded genetic information hard-wired into DNA is transcribed into individual transportable cassettes, composed of messenger RNA (mRNA); each mRNA cassette contains the program for synthesis of a particular protein (or small number of proteins)."
Sources: Definition from Chapter 1: The Dynamic Cell, of Molecular Cell Biology.
Illustration adapted from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Genetic Illustrations entry for mRNA.
See: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Modules/MolBioReview/central_dogma.html
End of definition.
Acording to the latest research, the complexity of human, animal, and plant bodies is going beyond this definition. Currently, we know for sure that epigenetics is the driving mechanism of the genetic expression.
From very interesting results on organ and limb growth of simple animals (worms, lizards, etc.), we know that morphological growth of bodies is driven by electric potential of cellular membranes, see research of Prof. LEVIN. When electrical potential gets disrupted, several limbs, organs of the same type, two heads, no head, etc. can be grown. The body plan is defined by cellular membrane potentials.
Latest research is revealing an avalanche of evidence demonstrating symbiosis of our bodies with gut microbiota, which metabolites are essential to the correct human body function. Gut microbiota dysbiosis stands behind all civilization diseases. Healthy gut microbiota produces essential nutrients, develop immunity, deliver vitamins & minerals, generates hormones (serotonin, and many other), and affects cognition, brain function along with gene expression.
When all this information is put together, the complexity of our bodies is spanning far beyond the central dogma, and far beyond our own species. We are real symbionts with all consequences to our health and disease. It occurred that healing ourselves often translates into healing the gut ecosystem imbalances. The genetic code involved encompass hundreds or even thousands more genes than are contained in our own cells!
Whether this is not complex enough, what else is?
The classical view of the central dogma is often explained as the simplistic DNA --> RNA --> Protein, and DNA is replicated. Which is the same as to say that the flow of information is from DNA to DNA, from DNA to RNA and from RNA to Protein. This is repeated in many textbooks and is based on Watson's simplistic explanation in Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965).
Note however that this is not the only definition, and not even the original (first) and true definition that Crick put forward in 1957. Crick's definition says that once information has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid (DNA to DNA, DNA to RNA, RNA to RNA, and RNA to DNA) or from nucleic acid to protein (RNA to protein and even DNA to protein) is possible, but transfer from protein to protein or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible.
I recommend the following article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5602739/
Watson's simplistic explanation is clearly wrong and has been disproved (reverse transcription is an example), but Crick's definition still holds (as of 2017 at least). As mentioned in the linked article:
"Crick’s essential argument still holds: protein synthesis relies on nucleic acids, and once the genetic information has got into the protein, it cannot alter the DNA sequence. Despite recent excitement about transgenerational epigenetic inheritance due to histone modifications, DNA methylation, or other temporary modifications of material surrounding the genetic sequence, there is no evidence in any organism that the information in a DNA sequence can be rewritten from information in a protein."
Then you ask the question on how an individual functions and how complexity works, and of-course the central dogma cannot answer that alone. If there is something decades of work in systems biology have shown us it is that knowing the genetic information code (DNA-code) is far from sufficient for us to understand the full function, development, appearance and behavior of an individual, whether that individual is a simple bacteria, a complex organ or a more complex being.
O dogma central da biologia molecular é um princípio fundamental que descreve o fluxo da informação genética nos organismos vivos. Ele afirma que o DNA é transcrito em RNA e, em seguida, o RNA é traduzido em proteína. Este é o processo básico pelo qual a informação genética codificada no DNA é usada para sintetizar proteínas funcionais. No contexto da biologia de sistemas, o dogma central é considerado no contexto da complexa rede de interações e feedback que existem dentro das células. O dogma central é visto como um dos muitos processos que contribuem para o comportamento geral de uma célula. Por exemplo, a biologia de sistemas considera como a expressão de genes é regulada por uma combinação de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, como condições ambientais, disponibilidade de nutrientes e vias de sinalização. Além disso, a biologia de sistemas considera as complexas interações entre diferentes proteínas e outros componentes celulares que determinam o comportamento de uma célula. Além disso, reconhece que o dogma central não é uma via de mão única, mas que também podem ocorrer processos de transcrição reversa e tradução reversa. Esses processos podem ter implicações importantes para o comportamento celular, incluindo a regulação da expressão gênica e a geração de novos genes e proteínas. Em conclusão, o dogma central da biologia molecular é um princípio importante na biologia de sistemas, mas é considerado em um contexto mais holístico e integrado, levando em consideração a complexa rede de interações existentes no interior das células.
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