The study's findings should be taken tentatively. The results are from one research period alone, which only lasted two years (2022, 2023) and only had 76 participants, whose medical conditions were also not stated. There were a number of studies in the past referenced however, performing the same question of plasma as an alternative to serum, to which the results did align. But even so, this transition to using plasma instead of serum has not been normalized for a reason: and that is due to the long standing tradition of serum being used, and a reluctance of abandoning that tradition.
In the same vein, for lithium heparin in particular, the study's findings show consistency and high quality results with plasma.