Protected Areas (PAs) play an important role in the conservation process of the biodiversity in their natural habitat. My question is "is there any threat to the protected areas from the emerging global warming and climate change? If yes, how and what should be the strategy to safeguard these PAs?
Protected Areas are usually defined to protect a given resource or habitats for certain species. Climate change can trigger the displacement of the suitable habitat of some species. Therefore, if a protected area that was created to protect the habitat of a threatened species, for example, it will no longer provide that service.
In Marine Protected Area (MPAs), coral reefs is part of the MPAs, we know that the global warming phenomena has a serious impact on the coral reef habitat...What we can do is we need to monitor the temperature in this area continuously,,,
I am sure global warming is going to affect any PA. Probably the only difference is that management interventions will help to adress these environmental concerns, where as in nature there are several situations which are undergoing changes without us knowing it.
Protected Areas are usually defined to protect a given resource or habitats for certain species. Climate change can trigger the displacement of the suitable habitat of some species. Therefore, if a protected area that was created to protect the habitat of a threatened species, for example, it will no longer provide that service.
Probably you can find interesting this article.
Http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1310052?uid=39073&uid=3738296&uid=2&uid=3&uid=67&uid=39062&uid=62&uid=5909672&sid=21103404468423
an approach for free atmosphere CO2 purification is proposed that includes two simple stages. The first stage involves the injection of alkaline reagents into natural clouds in order to increase their pH-level up to 10 - 11. Precipitation enhancement can be applied during the second stage for the carbon transport from atmosphere to the ground. Calculations prove a considerable increase of the gas/water interface for ensemble of all rain droplets with perfect CO2 absorption. Estimations indicated good outlook; utilization of the proposed method for even in less than 1% for Earth surfaces could compensate for annual carbon emission. https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details/store/de/book/978-3-8454-7851-7/the-effective-method-for-atmosphere-co%E2%82%82-purification?search=Tulaikova
Apart from anthropogenic factors that affect protected areas, climate change is considered as an additional stressor and may lead to changes in habitats, causing species migration or extinction for both plants and animals. Biodiversity loss through climate change will further lead to a deterioration of forest ecosystem services, and increase the likelihood of ecological surprises by inducing further climate change and its impacts.
Protected areas (natural parks) are an area of land/or sea which are dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural values. There are multiple threats to such protected areas, of which climate change is a new threat. For example, the frequency and intensity of fire, floods, droughts and storms have been projected to increase which will impact on protected areas and its biodiversity including loss of biodiversity. Rise of temperature will cause invasions of protected areas with pest animals, and weed. Rise of CO2 will enhance ocean acidification and thus will impact on marine animals including corals. Changes in stream flows will impacts on the abundance and distribution of native fish. Some species may adapt, some species may move out and some species may die out in response to climate change. Managing/controlling invasive weeds and animal pests, reducing risk from bush fires and most importantly reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would be required. Furthermore, ongoing research and monitoring of climate change impacts on native species should be continued.
Even though late, I suggest the following papers you should not miss according to your question:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250077938_Protected_area_needs_in_a_changing_climate
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50906743_Climate_change_threatens_European_conservation_areas
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273783606_In_the_Right_Place_at_the_Right_Time_Habitat_Representation_in_Protected_Areas_of_South_American_Nothofagus-Dominated_Plants_after_a_Dispersal_Constrained_Climate_Change_Scenario
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222652950_Will_climate_change_reduce_the_efficacy_of_protected_areas_for_amphibian_conservation_in_Italy
Article Protected Area needs in a changing climate
Article Climate change threatens European conservation areas
Article In the Right Place at the Right Time: Habitat Representation...
Article Will climate change reduce the efficacy of protected areas f...
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