Hey, for non-oscillatory pipe flow, a good literature survey can be found here

http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:515647/FULLTEXT02

Typically the Dean vortices that form in circular pipe bends lead to turbulent kinetic energy production and the flow transitions quickly to turbulent. This is the reason why orifice flow meters must be placed at a large distance depending on the bends upstream (there are standards for types of bends or successions of bends e.g. ISO

5167-1)

I hope this helps,

All the best,

Valeriu

Thanking you Dragan sir

For non-oscillatory pipe flow, a good literature survey can be found here

http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:515647/FULLTEXT02

S K Singh, Thank you