Dear Dr.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) living on plant roots and promoting plant growth are critical to plant growth. These PGPRs exert their effects by facilitating food intake, helping to counteract pathogen attack, and regulating plant hormone levels.

Several researches reveals that inoculating plants with plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or treating plants with microbe-to-plant signal compounds can be an effective strategy to stimulate crop growth. Furthermore, these strategies can improve crop tolerance for the abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, heat, and salinity) likely to become more frequent as climate change conditions continue to develop. This discovery has resulted in multifunctional PGPR-based formulations for commercial agriculture, to minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals. This strategy helps in the signal exchange between plant roots and PGPR and creates a relationships modulate plant abiotic stress responses via induced systemic resistance. On the application side, strategies are discussed to improve rhizosphere colonization by PGPR inoculants.

Biostimulants are products that reduce the need for fertilizers and increase plant growth, resistance to water and abiotic stresses. In small concentrations, these substances are efficient, favoring the good performance of the plant's vital processes, and allowing high yields and good quality products.

Biostimulants and bioprotectants are natural preparations, which have gained a big interest in the last years because of their role in improving plant growth and yields and reducing the impact of abiotic and biotic stresses.

Biostimulants and bioprotectants are natural preparations, which have gained a big interest in the last years because of their role in improving plant growth and yields and reducing the impact of abiotic and biotic stresses. Seaweed extracts, humic substances, protein hydrolysates, amino acids, plant extracts, and beneficial microorganisms have gained importance as biostimulants and bioprotectants because of their valuable effect on plant growth and their ability to alleviate the detrimental effects of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Likewise, microbial-based biostimulants and bioprotectants are shown to impact positively cropping systems through different mechanisms (e.g., increase nutrients uptake and use efficiencies, boost root system development, suppress phytopathogens infection, and alleviate heavy metals (HMs) toxicity among many others), eventually leading to better crop growth and yields. Among the different classes of molecules extracted from plants, seaweeds and microorganisms, secondary metabolites, represent a major group of bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biostimulant effect. In addition to their effect as biostimulants, these molecules, are endowed with a wide range of bioprotectant activities and could, therefore, play an important role as protectors for plants against multiple attacks from insects and phytopathogens. Given all this knowledge, the exploitation of these bio-based and cost-effective compounds is worth further investigations to develop propitious approaches that should sustain agricultural productivity in an environmentally friendly manner.

Hopefully this text will help you to understand the developed relationship helps to freeze the further diseases to the plant.

with regards

Iqbal

PGPR promotes plant growth by acting as bioprotectants against plant pathogens.

They achieve this through several mechanisms, including:

1. Siderophore Production

2. Competition for Resources

3. Antibiosis

4. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)

5. Production of Lytic Enzymes

Hope it will help you!

The application of PGPR as a biofertilizer offers several advantages over traditional fertilizers. Firstly, these beneficial bacteria can enhance nutrient availability by solubilizing inorganic forms of nutrients, fixing atmospheric nitrogen, and producing enzymes that mobilize and mineralize organic matter in the soil. This nutrient mobilization capacity not only improves plant nutrition but also reduces the dependency on chemical fertilizers, minimizing environmental pollution. Secondly, PGPR can induce systemic resistance in plants through the activation of defence mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of plant signalling pathways, and reinforcement of the plant cell wall. This systemic resistance helps plants combat various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.

Iqbal Ansari Mr. Nihar Ranjan Nayak Sajid Ali

Can you provide any more information

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could potentially enhance photosynthesis and benefit plant growth by improving soil nutrient uptake and affecting plant hormone balance. Several recent studies have unveiled a correlation between alterations in photosynthesis and host plant resistance levels. Photosynthesis provides materials and energy for plant growth and immune defense and affects defense-related signaling pathways. Photosynthetic organelles, which could be strengthened by PGPR inoculation, are key centers for defense signal biosynthesis and transmission. Although endophytic PGPRs metabolize plant photosynthates, they can increase soluble sugar levels and alternate sugar type and distribution. Soluble sugars clearly support plant growth and can act as secondary messengers under stressed conditions. Overall, carbohydrate metabolism modifications induced by PGPR may also play a key role in improving plant resistance. We provide a concise overview of current knowledge regarding PGPR-induced modulation in carbohydrate metabolism under both pathogen-infected and pathogen-free conditions.

The potential benefits of PGPR-induced modifications in photosynthesis and carbohydrate distribution for agricultural practices are significant. Integrating PGPR treatments can enhance photosynthetic efficiency, increase disease resistance, and improve overall yield, providing eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. In regions facing challenges such as climate change and emerging plant diseases, PGPR-induced photosynthesis enhancement plays a crucial role in improving biotic resilience under environmental stress. Evaluating the economic viability of PGPR-treated crops, considering production costs and market demand, is vital for successful implementation. In conclusion, unraveling PGPR-induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism supports sustainable agriculture and addresses global food security challenges.

Iqbal Ansari What are evidences, can you share ?