you can deploy Copilot Let's dive into the details of RNA extraction from synovial fluid.

### RNA Extraction from Synovial Fluid

**1. Sample Collection:**

- Collect synovial fluid using a sterile syringe. Typically, 500 μl of synovial fluid is sufficient for RNA extraction.

**2. RNA Extraction Protocol:**

- **Lysis:** Add a lysis buffer to the synovial fluid to break open the cells and release RNA. This buffer often contains guanidine isothiocyanate, which denatures proteins and protects RNA from degradation.

- **Phase Separation:** Add phenol-chloroform to the lysate and centrifuge. This step separates the mixture into aqueous and organic phases. RNA remains in the aqueous phase.

- **RNA Precipitation:** Transfer the aqueous phase to a new tube and add isopropanol or ethanol to precipitate the RNA. Centrifuge to collect the RNA pellet.

- **RNA Wash:** Wash the RNA pellet with 70% ethanol to remove impurities. Centrifuge again and discard the ethanol.

- **RNA Resuspension:** Resuspend the RNA pellet in RNase-free water or a suitable buffer.

**3. Quality and Quantity Assessment:**

- Use a spectrophotometer or a fluorometer to measure the concentration and purity of the extracted RNA. The A260/A280 ratio should be around 2.0, indicating pure RNA.

**4. Storage:**

- Store the extracted RNA at -80°C for long-term storage or at -20°C for short-term use.

### References

For more detailed protocols and guidelines, you can refer to the following sources:

- [RNA Extraction from Synovial Fluid](https://e-century.us/files/ajtr/14/9/ajtr0141296.pdf)

Good luck

Thank you E.A. Gawad