Dear Michel Héry , I agree that the transformation of workforce and human-machine interaction will be of particular importance. Further, and adding to the second point of Timothy P. Munyon , horizontal interconnection across the supply chain and data consistency from product development to recycling are two virtal points. This has many potentials for more efficient value chains (economically and ecologically), but requires new forms of collaboration across the supply chain, as power shifts will occur and SMEs have to be integrated. All those factors differ worldwide. For further reading, please see some of our work below:

Article Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison ...

Article Development of a Risk Framework for Industry 4.0 in the Cont...

Article Business model innovation in small-and medium-sized enterpri...

You might find some elements in the following strategic foresight studies:

Book Preview: Platformisation 2027

Conference Paper Regulating the OSH impact on online platform economy (OSHA S...

Article Will technology improve health and safety at work

Book Modes and methods of production in France in 2040

Conference Paper (Strategic) Foresight: an help for decision making tomorrow…...

Thank you @Michel

This is a broad question, but there are managerial implications of this shift both for workforce and suppliers.

Regarding the workforce, I think that Industry 4.0 is really accelerating changes in labor that were already well on their way, but the workforce effects won't be quite as bad because of differences in cohort sizes of employees. There are simply fewer workers in the manufacturing labor pool in many developed and developing countries, so displacement effects will be reduced by supply-side characteristics in labor. Undoubtedly, the widespread and increasingly cheap use of machine learning, robotics, and automation will displace some workers, but primarily low skilled workers.

Such systems require greater technical acumen than traditional roles, so there will be an increased shift to and emphasis on technical education in manufacturing nations. Such systems may also reduce the manufacturing advantage of labor-intense economies like China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia, enabling legacy producers like the EU and US a bit of competitive slack.

Strategically, this shift will also reduce the competitive advantage of Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers who cannot afford to integrate the new technologies. This will result in greater consolidation between OEMs and suppliers. I also anticipate that OEMs will shift costs of 4.0 updates to suppliers in an attempt to maintain their margins.

Dear Michel Héry , I agree that the transformation of workforce and human-machine interaction will be of particular importance. Further, and adding to the second point of Timothy P. Munyon , horizontal interconnection across the supply chain and data consistency from product development to recycling are two virtal points. This has many potentials for more efficient value chains (economically and ecologically), but requires new forms of collaboration across the supply chain, as power shifts will occur and SMEs have to be integrated. All those factors differ worldwide. For further reading, please see some of our work below:

Article Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison ...

Article Development of a Risk Framework for Industry 4.0 in the Cont...

Article Business model innovation in small-and medium-sized enterpri...

Dear Prof Timothy P. Munyon Thank you for providing your insight. And Thank you Prof Julian M. Müller for your view and sending those articles.

Industries: Which Ones Expect the Most Disruption?

The Artificial Intelligence

is a big challenger to growing economies like India where a large population of young and educated youths searching for

jobs after coming out from thousands of Engineering Institutions and Business Schools. According to the latest Survey by

Mercer’s 2019 Global Talent Trends Study, 88% of Executives in India predicts significant disruptions around their jobs as

compared with 40% in 2018. 76% of Companies in India plan to automate more work in the next 12 months. 62% of HR

leaders in India are involved in planning the rollout of major change project. Two in three employees concerned that

Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation will replace their job. 54% of employees in India want curated learning to help

them evolve their skills and prepare for future jobs which show the positive side of the trend to face the challenge by machines at work place. Mercer’s study identifies four top trends that leading companies are pursing in 2019: Aligning

Work to Future Value, Building Brand Resonance, Curating the Work Experience, and Delivering Talent-led-Change.

Automotive, Consumer Goods, Energy, financial services, Health care, Technology, Insurance, Life Sciences and Retail are going to affect a lot in this new age.

(Source: Mercer’s 2019 Global Talent Trends Survey 2019)

AGE OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

IN INDIA: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

International Journal of Human Resource

Management and Research (IJHRMR)

ISSN (P): 2249-6874; ISSN (E): 2249-7986

Vol. 9, Issue 3, Jun 2019, 175-180

Dear Prof @Sikandar MA, Thank you for your insight.

Bloclchain is a distributed electronic record that is shared between all members and its content is kept identical between different members and update simultaneously. It has two major advantages 1- provides security and privacy with help of advanced cryptographic tools 2- Provides Distributed Autonomous functionalities with help of smart contract. Please see this reference for more information:

"A Blockchain Enabled Cyber-Physical System Architecture for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Systems”

How do we spend time? Broadly, we split our time between augmenting physical resources and empathy for humanity. Rest serves the two. So, 4IR will allow us spend more time on the latter. It will allow us to appreciate humanity better. That is a good thing. However, change is always scary. Cf. Preprint Transport and the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Its difficult to say because Industry 4.0 has wide application. But, funding and capital for IT systems, Training the employees, overall system level up gradation, Policy for implementation makes it challenging. Yet, it is still in the kickoff stage, so top management commitment for such program is instrumental.

Still on jobs, we will have the unsteady state when the world will adapt to 4IR. That phase will be transactional. Economies will extract benefits from their advances in technology. So, we will hear of jobs accruing from competitiveness. However, the system will reach steady state. Why? Because 4IR strikes a dissipative space. It is feedback from the people on the output of a system they do not like. At steady state, most jobs will be more of the empathy type. It will be a better world. Science will blend in empathy making us better beings.

I believe in every part of the supply chain, from extraction of raw materials all the way till end consumer/customer.

Good Day,

Refer:

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/BIJ-09-2018-0281/full/html