You need to look at a book that was written by AMIT BHATTACHARYA, JAMES W. RAWLINS,PARAMITA RAY and published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fortunately, Research Gate colleagues (Paramita Ray & Inderjeet Kaur ) made it available at Research Gate as 343 pages pdf file. It is comprehensive in presenting the grafting methods that go through various radical, ionic, and step reaction mechanisms.
Basically, there are two main strategies: the grafting from and the grafting to. The first consists on prepration of nanocomposite by a control radical polymerization of a monomer from initiating sites on the nanoparticle (ATRP, RAFT...). And the second one consists on the formation of nanocomposites by attaching the pre prepared polymer on functionalized nanoparticles (Click chemistry....).