this might also depend on the environment. I am not an expert in the "wet chemistry", so I won't speak about conventional chemical functionalization techniques. But if graphene sample is prepared and functionalized in situ (in vacuum environment) one of good possibilities would be using of atomic radicals/plasma. We performed these studies to achieve H-functionalized graphene and O-functionalized graphene. You can find the info here DOI:10.1021/jp111962k and here DOI:10.1021/jp106361y
if its bottom-up (CVD) synthesis of graphene, treat it with acid mixture (H2SO4/HNO3).. If its top-down synthesis from graphite by either Hummer's method.. graphene oxide is already functionalized.
Hi! The easiest way to functionalize graphene oxide is to acylate the COOH side groups by using SOCl2 and then to create amide (CONH) or thiocyanate (CSNH) bonds, as refered http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622312006422 and http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/am301204g respectively. Moreover, you can functionalize the OH groups of graphene by using other small molecules as described to the review paper below.
this might also depend on the environment. I am not an expert in the "wet chemistry", so I won't speak about conventional chemical functionalization techniques. But if graphene sample is prepared and functionalized in situ (in vacuum environment) one of good possibilities would be using of atomic radicals/plasma. We performed these studies to achieve H-functionalized graphene and O-functionalized graphene. You can find the info here DOI:10.1021/jp111962k and here DOI:10.1021/jp106361y
Thank you so much dear Mr. Minas Stylianakis and Mr. Nikolay Vinogradov for your kind attention and conscientiousness! I think that these pieces of information will certainly help me.
Its very easy, If you set up a process and treat graphene with HCl and H2SO4 for at least 2 h, you can easily functionalize it with -OH and -COOH functional groups. There are too many papers about this matter which you can find them by a simple search.