How heat is transferred inside the Earth through convection currents and type of energy transfer is involved in the ground heating the air above?
Dear, Dr./prof. Rk Naresh
Primary productivity, biomass, and the movement of energy and chemicals are fundamental concepts in ecology that are interconnected but represent distinct aspects of ecosystem dynamics.
In summary, primary productivity is the process by which autotrophic organisms produce organic matter (biomass) using solar energy. Biomass represents the total mass of living and organic material in an ecosystem, and it is a product of primary productivity. Additionally, energy flows unidirectionally through ecosystems, while chemicals (nutrients) are cycled and recycled within the ecosystem, maintaining a dynamic equilibrium of essential elements for life.
The heat energy can be transferred by the process of convection by the difference occurring in temperature between the two parts of the fluid. Due to this temperature difference, hot fluids tend to rise, whereas cold fluids tend to sink. This creates a current within the fluid called convection current. Molten rocks are present deep inside the Earth's surface that circulates through convection currents. They are in a semi-liquid state, so they start rising after becoming hot and less dense. And finally, they transfer the heat to the Earth's crust, becoming less dense and sinking back to the Earth's core. Convective heat transfer is the transfer of heat between two bodies by currents of moving gas or fluid. In free convection, air or water moves away from the heated body as the warm air or water rises and is replaced by a cooler parcel of air or water. Hot air rising above a fire ice melting sea breeze or land breeze caused by a difference in pressure and blood circulation in warm-blooded animals. Heat convection occurs when the bulk flow of a fluid (gas or liquid) carries its heat through the fluid. All convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Convection currents are heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle. They are caused by a difference in temperature, often due to a differing proximity to a heat source. The difference in temperature relates directly to the density of the material, causing this effect. Since air is a poor conductor, most energy transfer by conduction occurs right near Earth's surface. Conduction directly affects air temperature only a few centimeters into the atmosphere. During the day, sunlight heats the ground, which in turn heats the air directly above it via conduction. Convection is the transfer of heat from a surface by means of a fluid such as air. Natural convection occurs as air is heated: it expands, rises, and is replaced by cooler air. The amount of convection may be increased by using a fan to increase the flow of air. Convection works when a liquid or gas is unevenly heated. Hot liquids (and gases) are less dense and rise, causing. The warmer section of the material will rise while the cooler part sinks. This creates a current of warmer material going up and a current of cooler material going down. Energy is transferred between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere in a variety of ways, including radiation, conduction, and convection. Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves from place to place. The other two ways heat moves around are radiation and convection. Heat from the Sun is used to evaporate water, and this heat is put into the air when the water condenses into clouds and precipitates. This evaporation-condensation cycle is an important mechanism for transferring heat energy from the Earth's surface to its atmosphere and in moving heat around the Earth. As the heated air flows, heat is transferred by convection from warm, low-pressure air to cooler, high-pressure air. How is energy transferred from the Sun to the Earth? Energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth through radiation.
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