Hello,

The cosmological constant problem is one of the biggest mysteries in modern physics. It is related to the observed accelerated expansion of the universe, which is believed to be caused by a hypothetical energy density associated with the vacuum of space, known as the cosmological constant. However, the predicted value of the cosmological constant from quantum field theory is many orders of magnitude larger than the observed value, leading to a discrepancy that is often referred to as the cosmological constant problem.

Quantum mechanics, which is the fundamental theory of the microscopic world, plays a crucial role in addressing the cosmological constant problem. One of the main ideas in quantum mechanics is that particles can spontaneously pop in and out of existence due to the uncertainty principle. This process is known as vacuum fluctuations, and it is believed to contribute to the energy density of the vacuum. However, the predictions from quantum field theory for the energy density of vacuum fluctuations are much larger than the observed value of the cosmological constant.

One possible solution to the cosmological constant problem is to introduce a new symmetry in the laws of nature, known as supersymmetry. Supersymmetry predicts the existence of new particles that cancel out the contributions from vacuum fluctuations, leading to a much smaller predicted value for the cosmological constant. However, experimental searches for supersymmetric particles have so far been unsuccessful, casting doubt on this solution.

Another approach to the cosmological constant problem is to modify the laws of gravity at very large distances, such as those observed in cosmology. This can be done by introducing a new field that couples to gravity, known as a scalar field. The dynamics of the scalar field can be chosen such that it cancels out the contributions from vacuum fluctuations, leading to a small predicted value for the cosmological constant. This approach is known as quintessence, and it is an active area of research in theoretical cosmology.

So, quantum mechanics plays a fundamental role in addressing the cosmological constant problem, and several approaches have been proposed to solve this mystery. However, the problem remains unsolved, and it continues to be a major challenge for modern physics.

Another approach is to consider the possibility that the cosmological constant is not a fundamental constant of nature, but rather a dynamical field that evolves over time. This approach is known as dynamical dark energy, and it involves introducing a new scalar field into the equations of motion that drives the acceleration of the universe. This scalar field can have a potential energy that cancels out the contributions from vacuum fluctuations, leading to a small predicted value for the cosmological constant. This approach has been explored in various theories, such as quintessence and k-essence, but it is still an area of active research with many open questions.

Finally, some physicists have proposed that the cosmological constant problem is a hint that our current understanding of quantum field theory and gravity is incomplete or incorrect, and that a new fundamental theory is needed to explain the observed properties of the universe. This approach involves developing new frameworks for quantum gravity, such as loop quantum gravity, string theory, or causal dynamical triangulation, that can potentially provide a more satisfactory explanation for the cosmological constant problem. However, this approach is still highly speculative and requires significant advances in theoretical physics to be fully realized.

Subash Bhandari This important problem goes right to the heart of the conflict between General Relativity and Quantum Physics.

To resolve the problem we have to recognise that the mathematical formalism of quantum theory is purely a method of calculation of the results of experiments. (They say shut up and calculate) meaning don’t worry about the physical description.

We should take this recommendation to the limit and discard the derived physical interpretation of quantum theory. We discard the Copenhagen interpretation, many worlds, Dirac sea, quantum fluctuations, virtual particles.

Then we derive the fundamental nature of matter particles from first principles:

Data Prerecording of Conference Presentation on the Unification of Physics

https://youtu.be/zEu-_0ACl3I

Following this we have to show that the Spacetime Wave theory leads to the correct prediction of experimental results as predicted by the quantum theory equations.

This reveals that, in the absence of mass and energy, space is completely flat as predicted by General Relativity with a cosmological constant of zero.

There is a different explanation for dark energy:

Data Prerecording of Conference Presentation on Dark Matter and Dark Energy

https://youtu.be/muCa08hlIDc

Richard

It doesn’t, because the cosmological constant is a property of classical gravity; how it emerges from a theory of quantum gravity isn’t known, since a theory of quantum gravity isn’t known. The relation between the cosmological constant and the zero point energy of quantum matter doesn’t make sense, since the calculation of the zero point energy is done in a fixed background.

There’s no cosmological constant problem, since it was measured and found to be positive. The cosmological constant is as much a property of our Universe as Newton’s constant is. Newton's constant and the cosmological constant define the spacetime geometry.

There was a ``problem'', when it was thought to vanish, because a mechanism was required for this to occur; no particular mechanism is necessary for it to have some non-zero value. The fact that it's positive just means that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating.

You asking about something which is the sum most of the thing sin physics. The following shows just some of things that need to change including the big constants.

The proofs that 4 constants ae changed by relativistic velocities as a PDF file will pop up when the following link is Left clicked: -------------------------------------------------------------------- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e1ExWG-VyTR8PAPxU5OnfSzd86uj59nh/view?usp=share_link --------------------------------------------------------------------- A link to prerequisite proofs that all Doppler shifts change time and distance (axial, gravitational and transverse not just the transverse). -------------------------------------------------------------------- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vGRBH1AgUOCP8_zp7fKxBTMPg-YP_-uh/view?usp=share_link -------------------------------------------------------------------- A link to: Proof of a version of the Schrodinger equation for relativistic velocities: ------------------------------------------------------------------ https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kh2d4fYFOd8rbS6tgyUbTA5zDZW-aUNH/view?usp=share_link-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I hope you can make use of the above. Samuel Lewis Reich ([email protected])

Quantum physics has not yet provided a definitive solution to this problem, but there are several approaches being pursued to better understand and potentially resolve the issue: