Hi Ali,
You may refer to Seow (The Journal of General Physiology, 2013).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24277600
Yes, Seow is a good paper to look at. However, a number of aspects of the force-velocity relationship are also considered in our recent review paper (Månsson, Rassier and Tsiavaliaris; 2015): Poorly Understood Aspects of Striated Muscle Contraction in BioMed Res Int.
You can download it from my Research Gate site if you are interested.
With regard to the length tension relationship there is the key study by Gordon, Julian and Huxley in J Physiol 1967 and a number of studies by KAP Edman and co-workers.
Regards
Alf
Dear Ali,
I think the answer is pretty straightforward if you want a general answer, the classic papers are:
For changes in muscle force with length:
Gordon AM, Huxley AF, and Julian FJ. The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 184: 170-192, 1966.
For variations in muscle force with shortening velocity:
Hill AV. The mechanics of active muscle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 141: 104-117, 1953.
For variations in muscle force with lengthening velocity:
Katz B. The relation between force and speed in muscular contraction. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 96: 45-64, 1939.
These have all been implemented in various models, so it really depends on your application. Good luck!
Rick
Dear Ali,
Professor Lieber practically said it all.
Usually if you read the classical work By Huxley AF, Hill and Katz you will be able to explain how skeletal muscle behaves during shortening, lengthening and at different lengths. And those are the basics.
If you want to learn more, I would suggest to read the works of Herzog and Nishikawa & Monroy, as it seems that few other issues of Huxley’s model are still poorly understood to the present day (Herzog et al., 2008), such as the depression of force with shortening and the low cost of force generation when muscle actively stretches.
The work by Nishikawa (Nishikawa et al., 2012) suggested that the giant protein titin could be involved in muscular contraction mechanics, acting as an internal spring able to store and release elastic potential energy.
And ultimately, if interested in how muscle force, velocity of contraction and length are influenced by muscle architecture, I recommend you to look at Professor Lieber's paper of 2000 (Clinical significance of muscle architecture), Carl Gans review of 1982 and Professor Narici's review of 1999.
Best of luck.
Marty
What concerns molecular aspect, you might be interested in the following papers:
Skubiszak, L. (2011). "Geometrical conditions indispensable for muscle contraction." Int J Mol Sci 12(4): 2138-2157.
Skubiszak, L. (1996). "Structure and functional significance of the thick filament." Biophysics 41: 39-56.
Regards,
Maria
many thanks, i am eagerly searching for the answers related to biomechanics, although many other aspects are involved.
Dear Ali,
This paper probably answers your question. We manipulated angular velocity, magnitude of muscle loading and ROM and measured muscle fascicle length according to that.
Sharifnezhad, A., Marzilger, R., & Arampatzis, A. (2014). Effects of load magnitude, muscle length and velocity during eccentric chronic loading on the longitudinal growth of vastus lateralis muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology. doi:10.1242/jeb.100370
Good luck.
Ali
oh yeah, I completely forgot about your paper Ali (n2) S he he. woops
Just a friendly note. Let's not be too quick to reference our own work when the question is about a general topic such as this. This is not a self promotion group, but an information sifting group. Sorry to be so blunt.
Dear ali,
do you read the french ?
If yes i can send to you a response with more details.
Of course length and velocity have any impacts.
At first we have to differentiate between muscles in vivo and in vitro.
In vitro it's called force-length and force-velocity Caracteristics.
relations have respectively an "U" form and a parabolic form.
in vivo it depends on number of articulations involved and is more complicated.
Moreover in vivo it depends on contraction modality (concentric, excentric, isokinetic...).
I have several articles about this topic and perhaps my courses in Orleans University where i 'm teaching and my thésis (and of course the F. Goubel's book).
I am open to collaborate with you if necessary.
best regards
Philippe
Dear Phill,
many thanks for your message, it would be great pleasure to be aware of your valuable research and articles.
kindly please inform me about your articles.
Best wishes
I don't think this is an accurate question. Do you mean how much does muscle force change with length and velocity? In animal models? With full activation of all motor units? These are critical issues...
Dear Ali?
Before attempting to answer your question, I'll change it a little bit, to make it more understandable and correctly (in my opinion) formulated.
Instead: "relationship between muscle contraction with muscle length and velocity"
Let it be: "relationship between muscle force with muscle length and velocity"
.1. Force-Velocity.
This relationship is described by the famous Hill's :Formula: (P+a)(v+b)=c
P - is the weight of a load that muscle raises. But the force and weight - it's not one the same. They actually coincide only if the load is raised at a constant velocity.
So I for a long time, "taunted" when reading "Hill's Formula links force and speed."
But I managed to describe Huxley's sarcomere mathematically (you can find my article on my researchgate) and proved to myself that the sarcomere, that means myofibril and muscle as a whole, creates a force equal to the weight of the load. So the body moves with constant velocity.
2. Force - Length
(A) This dependence for the state of isometric tetanus is well studied experimentally. So I will not discuss it here.
(B) From the Hill's formula, it follows that muscle force does not depend on the length and equal to the weight of the load that it raises.
(C) Let me change your question once again: How does the time of activation of the muscles from the relaxed state depends on its length? This question seems to me very interesting and important. But such studies I have not seen in the literature.
Sincerely.
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