The carbon rich admixture is hydrophilic. By absorption of free water the admixture can reduce initial setting time but how does the bonding between this admixture and cement affect setting time?
1st off. hydrophilicity is due to the presence of functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxide and other oxygen-derivative (You can refer to my nano review paper).
Usually, carbon based admix retards the setting time, allowing the concrete to be in a fluid state for a longer period. As mentioned, the carbon-chain backbone wraps itself around cement/aggregate particles whilst the attached functional groups interact with the water phase in the mixture.
I'd say Mehta summarised this interaction well with a diagram in his book.