From the perspective of social psychology, cooperation can be viewed as positive attitudes between two parties because each party believes that the other party can achieve a benefit for himself/herself, thus pushing the two parties to interact in order to achieve common goals or values.

Interesting research question.

If you haven't already, you might consider reading about some of the research related to "co-opetition". Essentially, this is where two parties cooperate, whilst at the same time competing.

Whilst not a definition of cooperation, the area is related and could help to provide contrasting definitions between the polarities of outright competition and total collaboration/cooperation.

Just a thought...all the best with your research.

Dear Sarang Jokhio ,

The definition of cooperation is people working together to achieve results or people helping each other out to achieve a common goal. An example of cooperation is when one person hands you a brick and you lay the brick. noun.

The Theory of Non-Cooperative Games studies and models conflictsituations among economic agents; that is, it studies situations where the profits (gains, utility or payoffs) of each economic agent depend not only on his/her own acts but also on the acts of the other agents.

Regards,

Shafagat

Hi Sarang Jokhio

this paper is interesting about cooperation and cooperative situation:

Article Cooperative Work: A conceptual framework

Cooperative situation implies a shared situation and potentially a Team Situation Awareness (TSA) based on Situation Awarenes of Article Endsley, M.R.: Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dyn...

TSA: Team Situation Awareness mental model of situation that is partly shared and partly distributed between team members, which are integrated and coordinated to anticipate important status in the near future (Artman, H., & Garbis, C. (1998). Situation Awareness as Distributed Cognition. In T. Green, L.Bannon, C.Warren & J.Buckley (Eds.), Cognition and cooperation. Proceedings of 9th Conference of Cognitive Ergonomics. (pp. 151-156). Limerick: Ireland.) Article Situation awareness as distributed cognition

Cooperation definition: process of deliberation, decision and action decided by the cooperating ensemble of people as 'group' or a 'team,' that is, a relatively closed and fixed collective, sharing the same goal and engaged in incessant and direct communication.

"[...] the cooperating ensemble of people is a 'group' or a 'team,' that is, a relatively closed and fixed collective, sharing the same goal and engaged in incessant and direct communication. [...] But the concept of 'the group' is far too blurred to be of scientific utility. The notion of a shared goal, in particular, is murky and dubious. The cooperative process of decision making in a group is a very differentiated process, involving the interaction of multiple goals of different scope and nature as well as different heuristics, conceptual frameworks, etc. Furthermore, the notion of group work does not encompass the rich and complex reality of cooperative work. "

Cooperative situation definition: 'multiple individuals working together in a planned way in the same production process or in different but connected production processes'. The situation type depends on the cooperative activity type (work, game, etc.).

"This conception of cooperative work corresponds to the definition suggested by Marx (1867), according to which cooperation denotes 'multiple individuals working together in a planned way in the same production process or in different but connected production processes'. "

(PDF) Cooperative Work: A conceptual framework. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309902870_Cooperative_Work_A_conceptual_framework [accessed Oct 31 2020].

Regards, Laurent

Dear Sarang Jokhio,

As said in previous posts, cooperation is the case when two or more people give, say, their hands to attain a common goal. I would only add to what is said in the previous posts that is worth distinguishing cooperation from collaboration. The latter may have a pejorative sense (e.g. to collaborate with the enemy), which is not the case of the former. Please, consider this to be a short answer to your question.

Cooperation when there is a common goal between the actors in a particular situation. And none of the actors can achieve this goal without interdependence.

It is a team activity aimed at actualizing a group targeted goal. Sacrifices and efforts are dispensed for a common ambition.

A cooperative is a legal entity owned by a group of people who come together voluntarily for their mutual benefit. ... A corporation is a legal entity formed by a group of people who contribute capital, but it exists as a separate legal entity having its own privileges and liabilities distinct from those of its members

Para mim, cooperação em pesquisa é um conceito importante na medida em que ninguém é dono da verdade, precisando portanto ler outros autores e discutir seus achados, sempre em busca da maior aproximação com a verdade

A type of business activity that pronounces the business as a different, lawful substance guided by a gathering of officials known as the governing body

Besides carrying out its official main purpose, the Advayavada Foundation seeks to further the implementation of the following universal common ground negotiation formula: In the case of tension and the threat of conflict, to immediately lower our concern and attention to the level of the values we already share and to restart the negotiations from that point onwards as often as necessary. See further advayavada dot org/stichting.htm. I am of the opinion that negotiation and eventual cooperation on the basis of common ground is always possible and fruitful.

Co-operative versus Competitive.

A competitive situation arises when 2 (or more) interests are vying to increase their portion of a fixed pie. In these cases, any one's gain is another's loss. The so-called WIN-LOSE situation.

Co-operative situations arise when the 2 (or more) interests can find ways to increase the pie by working together - which automatically increases the size of every slice. The human factor intervention will consist in making this possibility visible and assisting all the interests to work together towards the goal of growing the pie. The pie, by the way, does not only have to be profit, but usually consists of a mix of tangible and non-tangible gains. Non-tangible gains would include things like company image, employment brand, leadership brand, or some other kind of common good.

In essence then, the human factor intervention is to make the common good visible and to help all involved to develop co-operative actions to grow/increase that common good. This creates WIN-WIN situations.