How do stars appear to move in the night sky and how do stars appear to move across the sky during the course of a night for an observer at the North Pole?
No, all the stars do not move in the sky. The Pole star is located above the axis of rotation of the Earth in the north direction. Thus, it appears stationary at a point in the sky, it does not move in the sky. All other stars in the sky appear to move from East to West in the sky. As Earth spins on its axis, we, as Earth-bound observers, spin past this background of distant stars. As Earth spins, the stars appear to move across our night sky from east to west, for the same reason that our Sun appears to “rise” in the east and “set” in the west. As the Earth rotates with an axis that is pointed in the direction of the North Star, stars appear to move from east to west in the sky. The stars are in the sky both day and night. During the day our star, the Sun, makes our sky so bright that we cannot see the much dimmer stars. At night, when the sky is dark, the light of the stars can be seen. The speed a star moves is typically about 0.1 arcs second per year. This is almost imperceptible, but over the course of 2000 years, for example, a typical star would have moved across the sky by about half a degree, or the width of the Moon in the sky. The total comes to 9,096 stars visible across the entire sky. Since we can only see half the celestial sphere at any moment, we necessarily divide that number by two to arrive at 4,548 stars.This west to east rotation of the earth makes the sun and stars appear A to move east to west at the North Pole the sun and stars appear to move counter clockwise. At the Earth's equator, the celestial equator passes through the zenith. The Earth rotates from west to east and hence the stars appear to revolve from east to west about the celestial poles on circular paths parallel to the celestial equator once per day. This motion is due to the Earth's rotation. As the spin of the Earth carries us eastward at almost one thousand miles per hour, we see stars rising in the East, passing overhead, and setting in the West. The Sun, Moon, and planets appear to move across the sky much like the stars. At the earth's North Pole, you would see the north celestial pole straight overhead, and the celestial equator would lie along your horizon, so you would never see any stars rise or set; they would just move in counter-clockwise circles if you're facing upward, or horizontally to the right if you're facing the horizon. Polaris is the star in the center of the star field; it shows essentially no movement. Earth's axis points almost directly to Polaris, so this star is observed to show the least movement. The other stars appear to trace arcs of movement because of Earth's spin on its axis. Because the Earth is constantly rotating the stars appear to rotate around it in the opposite direction.