We have already discussed reactive elements in the questions below but I have asked here this separate question to consider thoroughly the way they oppose input voltage sources when connected in series to them:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_does_an_INDUCTOR_work_Why_is_its_behavior_so_counter-intuitive_Compared_to_CAPACITORs
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_the_current_flow_through_a_capacitor_and_if_so_why
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_does_the_capacitor_blocks_DC_but_not_AC?
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_do_coupling_capacitors_really_do_in_AC_amplifiers_Are_they_rechargable_batteries_conveying_voltage_variations_or_diverting_biasing_currents
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_current_source_Are_there_true_current_sources_If_not_how_do_we_create_artificial_current_sources_How_do_we_make_them_perfect2
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_voltage_drop_and_what_voltage_How_are_they_related_What_is_common_and_what_is_different_between_them
It is well known that when we connect (in a circuit) a passive element (resistor, capacitor or inductor) in series to a voltage source, a voltage drop (a part of the input voltage) appears across the element and the resulting voltage is less than the input voltage. The resistor immediately dissipates the energy from itself to outside environment and the voltage drop across it stays constant through time; in contrast, both capacitors and inductors accumulate energy into themselves and the voltage drops across them vary through time. It is obvious how the resistor opposes the input voltage source by continuous energy dissipation... but how do inductor and capacitor oppose the input voltage source without energy dissipation?
IMO both the reactive elements can be considered as (are?) voltage sources that take a part of the input voltage and then oppose their (emf?) voltage to the input voltage... though they are some "ungrateful" sources "fed" from the input source... and after, as a sign of "gratitude", they stand against their "benefactor":) They do this in two opposite (dual) ways:
INDUCTOR. Imagine a circuit of three elements in series - an input voltage source, inductor and resistive load. The input source has been producing some constant (DC) voltage; the inductor is charged so the voltage across it is zero (it is just a piece of wire:) Now increase sharply the input voltage to a higher value (as though you connect a new source in series with voltage equal to the voltage change). The inductor immediately converts the voltage change to an equivalent "antivoltage" and applies it contrary to the input voltage change; figuratively speaking, the voltage "produced" by the inductor "jumps" with a magnitude equal to the input voltage change. Thus we have two voltage sources (an "original" and "cloned":) contrary connected in series and neutralizing each other; as a result, the total (effective) voltage and accordingly the current do not change. Over time this opposition decreases and the inductor acts as a time-variable voltage source; finally, the voltage across the inductor becomes zero again (it is a piece of wire again), and the current increases to the new value. By the way, the op-amp in the circuit of a voltage follower with negative feedback uses the same "trick" to neutralize the input voltage - it produces a voltage that is equivalent and opposing to the input voltage (known as "bootstrapping")... but there this voltage is constant through time...
CAPACITOR. While the inductor creates a decreasing through time voltage opposition, the capacitor does the opposite - it creates an increasing through time voltage opposition. In contrast to the "nimble" inductor, the capacitor is "lazy" - so when the input voltage "jumps", the capacitor does not react in the first moment. Then it begins gradually increasing its voltage acting as a time-variable voltage source and, after a long time, it becomes a voltage source "producing" an equivalent "antivoltage" contrary to the input voltage change... like the op-amp in the circuit of a negative feedback voltage follower...
So, what is your opinion about how inductor and capacitor oppose input voltage sources? Can we consider them as time-variable voltage sources? Are they, in the first moment, ideal current/voltage sources? What is across them - a voltage (emf) or a voltage drop? Can we model them in such a way (by voltage sources)? Don't you think there is something "mystic" in the inductor - it behaves as a current source trying to keep up a steady current... but yet it is a voltage source inside... while the capacitor behaves as a voltage source trying to keep up a steady voltage?