A M Stolwijk, H Straatman, G A Zielhuis. Studying seasonality by using sine and cosine
functions in regression analysis. Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:235–238.
C. F. Christiansen, L. Pedersen, H. T. Sørensen, K. J. Rothman. Methods to assess seasonal effects in epidemiological studies of infectious diseases—exemplified by application to the occurrence of meningococcal disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:963–969.
the main methods are spectral analysis *frequency domain) and autoregression, moving average and combined autoregression moving average (time domain) modelling.
If you are interested in studying seasonality (periodic oscillations) in your data, you can use regression modelling with a parameter per each season, but perhaps it would be more elegant to use sinusoidal functions (harmonic regression).