There is no way to address all of the variables, because there are always unknown variables that you have not taken into account.  Basically, you have put limitations in your methodology. 

Rebecca  thank you,i am looking at strategy formulation ,implementation , and  control as independent variables and performance as  dependent  variable. I want to design a questionnaire that will capture these variables

If you divide your questionnaire into sections that go in parallel with the different strategic process stages and by using Likert scale (5-level) you are able to address what you want. Also, you may check my work on assessment of strategic Management shown here.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236883906_Assessment_of_Strategic_Management_Practice_in_Private_Non-Profit_Hospitals_in_Greater_Beirut?ev=prf_pub

Conference Paper Assessment of Strategic Management Practice in Private Non-P...

Hussin Thanks

How do i design questionnaire that will address all the variables?

Suggesting the following approach:

Han thanks

I agree that you can't address all the variables, but  a good way to begin is to Hypothesize the results of the study before before begin.   

Hello Chijioke Nwachukwu,

I think Mr Han Ping Fung has really done justice to your question and if you follow the steps he proposes you certainly will make a headway. I, however, want to add that the four items stated as variables seem to be too broad to qualify as variables. They are simply stages in the strategic planning process. The researcher needs to find surrogates or proxies for each of them that are measurable on whichever scale the researcher finds applicable, e.g. Likert scale that Han suggested. 

I suggest that in your literature review you focus on how to delineate the proxies for these broad areas of your research. e.g. for performance of MNCs (the dependent variable) you can use growth performance in the areas of output, revenue, profit, market reach (share), employment, etc. You may also want to surrogate control (supervision or monitoring) with frequency of supervision/monitoring, expenditure on the control, etc. Do the same for strategy formulation and implementation. 

Questions in your questionnaire can now target these proxies with the broad areas as sub-headings of your questionnaire.

At the analysis stage you may try to use multivariate analysis (say multiple regression analysis) and try to compute for r and r2 (r square) and test the hypotheses for the r and all the parameters in the model, using the P-values and or the F-tests that can be found in the ANOVA table.  

Fauster , thanks

Adding to Fauster, when it comes to the analysis, there are many techniques that will help you to identify influential factors which later on will support your choice of dependent or independent variables like Factor Analysis.

Read, read and read the literature

Dear Chijioke et all, 

There is a book about scales :"Marketing scales Handbook: a compilation of multi-item measures for consumer behaviour & advertising research" by Gordon C, Bruner II". 8th edition

I hope  this help you

Have a nice time

Helena

Helena thanks

Notable scale items in extant literature may be used to craft an appropriate research instrument which may resonate with established psychometric properties