How do fertigation practices influence carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions in sugarcane farming?

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Himanshu Tiwari

Fertigation practices have a significant impact on the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in sugarcane cultivation. Their influence depends on several key factors, including fertilizer use efficiency, water consumption, nitrogen compound emissions, and energy usage.

Positive Effects of Fertigation on Reducing the Carbon Footprint:

Reduction of N₂O emissions – More precise application of nitrogen fertilizers through fertigation reduces their overuse and potential denitrification, leading to lower emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), one of the most potent greenhouse gases.

Optimization of fertilizer use – Targeted nutrient application ensures that plants absorb a greater portion of the fertilizers, reducing nitrogen losses through leaching into groundwater.

Lower water consumption – More efficient irrigation systems (such as drip irrigation) reduce evaporation and water loss, indirectly decreasing energy consumption for pumping and water transport.

Reduced need for mechanization – Traditional fertilizer application requires tractors and other machinery, which increases fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. Fertigation minimizes this need.

Potential Challenges and Negative Effects:

Emissions related to fertilizer production – While fertigation improves efficiency, the production of mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen-based ones) has a high carbon footprint.

Dependence on energy-intensive irrigation systems – If fertigation systems rely on fossil fuels, overall CO₂ emissions may remain high.

Waterway pollution – If not properly managed, fertigation can contribute to nutrient runoff into surrounding ecosystems, potentially causing eutrophication.

Fertigation in sugarcane cultivation can significantly reduce GHG emissions and the carbon footprint, especially when combined with sustainable practices such as using renewable energy for irrigation systems, precision fertilization, and the application of organic fertilizers.

A K Shyam

Fertigation alone does not enhance the scope of carbon footprint and emissions as has been very well brought out above. Carbon footprint and carbon emissions are indeed misplaced since we have not understood climate change properly (you may please read my articles on this platform - How well do we know climate change? and a few related contributions. Climate change deserves a better understanding before we emphasise on carbon emissions and carbon footprint. May I suggest you browse through the available literature before embarking on an appropriate approach on the topic.