I read in many references, but I can't connect between ideas!
"blood pressure is higher in men than in women at similar ages. After menopause, however, blood pressure increases in women to levels even higher than in men."
"Men show higher prevalence of hypertension with early onset than women. It has been suggested that estrogen levels have lowering effect on blood pressure in young women but a dramatic increase in the incidence of hypertension is observed in the postmenopausal women."
"There is a very close relationship between the synthesis and secretion of angiotensinogen by stimuli such as estrogens, So the use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen lead to an increase in serum angiotensinogen, thereby resulting in an elevation of blood pressure."
estrogen protects against hypertension it is why hypertension is commonner in menopaused women.
But estrogen stimulate angiotensinogen and that lead to increase BP.
And contraception contained estrogen also lead to increase BP.
The key is the protection factor coming from Estrogen. The Estrogen receptor stimulates nitric oxide production in the endothelium, decreasing BP; also, the receptor is present in the kidney, increasing the release of sodium and water, thus reducing the BP at long-term. At the menopause, no estrogen is produced at all, so this protection factor ais abolished, thus increasing BP. In additon, during the menopause, the balance between estrogen-testosterone is affect because of the estrogen reduction, so there's more free testosterone than estrogen. This increase in testosterone is highly related to increases in BP.
This article is punctual to demonstrate this differences.
I hope you understand.
https://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/37/5/1199.full
sincerely yours and respectfully.
consider[menopause]reference here in.
NEW STUDY SUGGESTS LINK BETWEEN ESTROGEN, BLOOD PRESSURE
Contact(s): Jason Cody, Donna Krupa
EAST LANSING, Mich. — While recent studies have shown long-term exposure to estrogen can be a danger to women – overturning physicians’ long-held beliefs that the hormone was good for their patients’ hearts – the process by which estrogen induces high blood pressure was unclear.
In a new study, Michigan State University researchers found long-term estrogen exposure generates excessive levels of the compound superoxide, which causes stress in the body. The buildup of this compound occurs in an area of the brain that is crucial to regulating blood pressure, suggesting that the estrogen-induced buildup causes increased blood pressure.
Findings indicated that the anti-oxidant resveratrol reverses the increase in both superoxide and blood pressure.
The study, led by P.S. MohanKumar, an associate professor of pathobiology and diagnostic investigation in the College of Veterinary Medicine, appears in the American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology. The journal is published by the American Physiological Society.
“This is an important study on at least two levels,” MohanKumar said. “First, it continues to confirm the negative effect that long-term estrogen exposure has for females. Second, it provides a new rationale for how and why this relationship occurs.”
Researchers looked to the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a critical region in the brain stem involved with the maintenance of blood pressure and thought to be associated with hypertension and heart failure.
Believing that chronic exposure of estrogen could influence this area of the brain, they conducted a two-phase experiment using rats, injecting them first with estrogen and then also feeding them the anti-oxidant resveratrol. MohanKumar and his team found chronic exposure caused a significant increase in superoxide in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and in blood pressure. The team also found resveratrol reversed those increases.
“Because so many women use estrogen-only HRT to combat the effects of menopause, it is imperative that we better understand the risks that chronic exposure has for females and why these effects occur,” he said. “In studies such as this, we come one step closer to clarifying the relationship and have established a launch pad for identifying how the process might be interrupted in the future.”
The abstract of the article is available at http://bit.ly/mut5dc, while the full study appears at http://bit.ly/j15YQ1.
In addition to MohanKumar, the study team included MSU researchers Madhan Subramanian, Priya Balasubramanian, Hannah Garver, Carrie Northcott, Huawei Zhao, Joseph R. Haywood, Gregory D. Fink and Sheba M. J. MonhanKumar.
Under Pressure: High Blood Pressure Risks in Post-Menopausal Women
http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/feature-articles/feature-articles/under-pressure-high-blood-pressure-risks-in-post-menopausal-women
Sex hormones and hypertension
https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/53/3/688/328995
It is important to understand that in menopause estrogen levels are decreased, but progesterone levels are decreased as well. Progesterone is a weak antagonist of aldosterone receptors in kidneys, so it has a weak anti-hypertensive effect. Therefore, the progesterone decreased levels in menopause may lead to an increased blood pressure.
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