This issue touches on a core problem in cancer treatment, namely how to overcome the immune evasion of tumor cells to improve the efficacy of existing therapeutic methods，which includes immune suppression, the production of immune escape signals, and the inhibition of immune cell function.
Tumor cells are genetically unstable ,and mutate quite a lot, It is why Mendel chose plants that always reproduce the same prgeny,he failed when he used Ornithira,a spontaneously mutating flower, The only way in my opinion to fight cancer cells is by activating the immune system specifically and/or generally by waking up the immune system from its cancer cell induced slumber, how to do this is the new 64000$ question ,but I think it is doable based on Dr fiddlers work with metastatic Melanoma in mice.
Dear Dr. Christy He
We need to work on tumor microenvironment (TME). TME build by cancer cells makes it difficult for the immune system to efficiently eliminate cancer cells. So, whenever a cancer mass is found, you will also see TME. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the functions of cancer and immune cells in an integrated manner based on the TME in order to overcome the limitations of therapy such as immunotherapy and develop effective cancer treatments.
Next approach would be tumor-related chronic inflammation. It has been shown to promote immunosuppression of TME and the development of tumor. Thus, a better understanding of the relationship between the dysregulated inflammation and tumor progression would be conducive towards the development of new strategies for combating tumor and enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
The immune response is also indirectly involved in tumor development through a reduction of the Th1 response, which induces anti-cancer effects, cytotoxic T cell differentiation, and an increase in the antagonistic Th2 response. Development in this direction would also help in cancer treatment.
Cancer vaccines would be an interesting approach. They are a form of immunotherapy that can help educate the immune system about what cancer cells would look like, so that it can recognize and eliminate them. But one cannot have one universal vaccine for cancer because tumors are different for every individual, and they have different antigens. While cancer vaccines are still early-stage, excitement around cancer vaccines continues to grow as therapeutic vaccines move through mid- and late-stage clinical development. Let’s hope for the best!
Best wishes,
Malcolm Nobre
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