How do bacteria and fungi provide essential nutrients to plants and how do fungi help the environment and get nutrients in climate smart agriculture?
In sustainable agriculture C4plant with enzyme phosphophenol pyruvate carboxylase capable to consume more carbondioxide from atmosphere with utilization of more solar energy for sustainable environment with better crop prodution to feed evergrowing populations of planet earth.
Fungi are the primary decomposers in soils and secrete various enzymes, such as cellulases, laccases, and xylanases that break down lignocelluloses into simple sugars. Some fungi are decomposers which mean that they break down plant and animal debris, thus cycling nutrient and increasing their availability in the soil. They can also propel nitrogen fixation and phosphorus mobilization, two of the main nutrients required for plant development and productivity. Some fungi help trees and other plants to grow. Because the fine threads that make fungal mycelium can spread over long distances, fungi can capture water and nutrients from far away and bring them back along the fine threads and close to plant roots. Release of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus in the soil. Production of different enzymes in soil and enhancement of plant growth prevent plants from different pathogens. All fungi are heterotrophic, which means that they get the energy they need to live from other organisms. Like animals, fungi extract the energy stored in the bonds of organic compounds such as sugar and protein from living or dead organisms. Many of these compounds can also be recycled for further use. Instead, fungi feed by absorption of nutrients from the environment around them. They accomplish this by growing through and within the substrate on which they are feeding. Numerous hyphae network through the wood, cheese, soil, or flesh from which they are growing. Saprotrophic fungi secrete digestive enzymes onto the organic matter they are going to use for nutrients. These enzymes break down the energy source. The fungi can then absorb nutrients through the hyphae walls. Fungi absorb the liquid nutrients using various methods of cell transport. To access these nutrients, plants are dependent on the growth of soil microbes such as bacteria and fungi, which possess the metabolic machinery to depolymerize and mineralize organic forms of N, P, and S. Broadly speaking, bacteria and fungi are crucial to everything from the breakdown of organic matter in soil to efficient water use, as well as pest and disease control. Perhaps most importantly, they help regulate nutrient efficiency in the place where plant roots meet the soil.
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