Concept mapping can affect self-efficacy in several ways.

• It can help learners to identify and clarify their prior knowledge and to integrate it with new information. This can increase their confidence and reduce their anxiety about learning.
• It can help learners to set realistic and specific goals and to monitor their progress and achievements thereby foster their sense of control and autonomy over their learning.
• It can also help learners to reflect on their strengths and weaknesses and to seek feedback and support from others.