Eosinophilic ulcer (EU) is a rare self-limiting chronic benign lesion of the oral mucosa. The ulceration has been most frequently found in tongue and it is characterized by the presence of mildly indurated borders which may resemble malignancies, traumatic ulcerations and some infections such as deep fungal infections, tuberculosis and primary syphilis). EU also has been referred as traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia, traumatic eosinophilic granuloma, traumatic granuloma and ulcerative eosinophilic granuloma. In infants, usually on the ventral surface of the anterior tongue secondary to trauma from newly erupted primary teeth, EU is referred as Riga-Fede disease. The pathogenesis of the EU is still unclear, however the lesion is thought to be reactive since trauma has been implicated as initiating factor, nevertheless trauma cannot be demonstrated in many cases. Histopathological findings consist of eosinophil-rich mixed infiltrates involving the superficial mucosa and the deeper muscle layer, accompanied by a population of large mononuclear cells that may correspond either to histiocytic cells, myofobroblastic cells or activated lymphoid cells.