Kelleher et al (Psychol Med 2012 ;42:1857) reviewed population studies of psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Hearing voices that no one else could hear was reported by 15%, yet hearing voices or sounds that no one else could hear was reported by 14%. An apparent conclusion would then be that none heard unexplained sounds, yet it is well known that tinnitus is very common. So what is going on here? The authors did not discuss this curious finding, which at the very least casts doubt on the whole methodology. Just what question did the children think they were being asked?
Dear Anthony! Please see the opinion of experts on this issue.
Vladimir
Neither am I an expert in Pediatric Psychiatry a field where there is paucity of data in Nigeria. Anecdotal report however indicates that children's excessive crying without a cause may be linked to hearing voices or sounds but this needs to be studied thoroughly. Could it be linked to development of psychiatric cases in adult life?
"Please see the opinion of experts on this issue."
I have read this article, which is not the slightest help. No otological cause of hallucinations was listed. DSM includes non-verbal auditory hallucinations (tinnitus), so why are they not mentioned in this article? Since tinnitus is so common, ear disease is the commonest cause of hallucinations in children.
I know there are cases of otitis media and otitis interna documented among Nigerian children but whether they are associated with tinnitus is not clear.
"whether they are associated with tinnitus is not clear."
...and won't be unless the children are specifically asked, since they will not generally complain about it. A good way to detect it is by looking at false-positive responses during pure tone audiometry..
Auditory hallucinations in childhood: associations with adversity and delusional ideation
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/div-classtitleauditory-hallucinations-in-childhood-associations-with-adversity-and-delusional-ideationdiv/468A2A5554BEA2DC7D66FC5CFC7215FC
Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: a sequential 3 -year follow-up study
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philippe_Delespaul/publication/11138961_Independent_course_of_childhood_auditory_hallucinations_A_sequential_3-year_follow-
up_study/links/0c9605261758aeab1e000000.pdf
Schizophrenia and Borderline Personality Disorder: Similarities and Differences in the Experience of Auditory Hallucinations, Paranoia, and Childhood Trauma
http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Abstract/2010/06000/Schizophrenia_and_Borderline_Personality_Disorder_.3.aspx
Auditory Hallucinations: A Comparison between Patients and Nonpatients
http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Abstract/1998/10000/Auditory_Hallucinations__A_Comparison_between.9.aspx
Hallucinations in children: Diagnostic and treatment strategies
http://www.julianjaynes.org/pdf/sidhu_hallucinations-in-children.pdfn
Childhood hallucinations are surprisingly common – but why?
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/07/childhood-hallucinations-common-research-psychotic-schizophrenia-why
Hallucinations in Childhood: Normative Development or Predictor of Psychosis?
http://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/hallucinations-in-childhood-normative-development-or-predictor-of-psychosis-0604122
Non-psychotic auditory hallucinations in children and adolescents (attached)
Article Independent course of childhood auditory hallucinations: A s...
"No otological cause of hallucinations was listed. DSM includes non-verbal auditory hallucinations (tinnitus), so why are they not mentioned in this article? Since tinnitus is so common, ear disease is the commonest cause of hallucinations in children."
See this example below. I am sure ear disease can cause visual as well as auditory hallucinations, probably by vestibular triggering, but this issue is not mentioned in the professional literature:
"Guardian.com caliandris 7 Jun 2015 8:31 1314
I had hallucinations three times as a child, aged about 8-11. In each case I had a very high temperature associated with an ear infection. The striking thing about them is that I can still remember them vividly, and how frightening they were: a small woman knitting on the windowsill, hundreds of bouquets of flowers protruding from the walls, and a complicated sequence where I was chasing a police car and was stopped by an elephant on an elastic band....
The experience has not been repeated in adult life, and I am now 56. It has made me very much more sympathetic towards people with aural or visual hallucinations, having had those experiences, and understanding about the way in which they might think that the hallucination is real."
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