I think that by motivating them to participate using visual aids or open discussions to hear them once in a while. Not the usual teacher-student interaction, but clarifying to them that it is ok to make mistakes and let them correct them in front of other students.

Dear Hazim,

You can ask everyone to write down their opinion to an issue or question then split the class into pairs to discuss it then get the pairs to discuss with another pair next to them, then get the groups of 4 to feed back to the whole group.

Thank you, Marwah Firas and. Peter Samuels for your interesting ideas in your answers. Best regards. Hazim.

This is a very interesting question. In case you are a regular teacher of the class & interacting frequently, the way is to create an environment of trust, and then encouraging the hesitant to participate. You also need to off the class inform the sharp and spontaneous ones to make place for others. i promise you, all theses work like magic and can transform a class!

Thank you very much, Emmanuel for your interesting answer. Best regards. Hazim.

First we have to create interest in taking seminar. Motivate them to present papers in Symposium. Their communications skills improve and they will involve in Group Discussions without hesitations.

The rigidity of some teachers especially on the first day meeting the students, scare them for good. Create some fear between the teacher and the student, no matter how you try to resolve it just might not work till the course is over