Hi,
As you know, the wind power penetration level is expressed as a percentage of the total system demand (% power system demand).
With this information, how can we understand that the the wind power penetration level in the power system is now high or low? For example, is the level 10% high or low? What about 5% or 15%?
Is there any measure or boundary for wind power penetration level?
I would also like to know that whether its indicator is qualitative or quantitative?
Regards,
Morteza
http://mortezash.blogfa.com/
Penetration metrics is the relative amounts of wind with respect to the system size, and other comparative measures.
Capacity penetration (%) - is the installed capacity of wind as a percentage of total
installed generation.
Maximum instantaneous penetration (%) - is the maximum observed ratio of wind
energy to demand (including exports) over a defined period (typically one year) at any instant in time (typically on an hour/ half hourly intervals).
Energy penetration (%) - is taken as the ratio of annual wind energy to annual total
energy demand on the grid (excludes any net exports).
Söder Metric - the ratio of maximum wind (i.e. installed capacity) to minimum demand plus maximum export.
Eg.
Capacity penetration(%) Energy penetration(%) Maximum instantaneous penetration (excluding exports) (%) Maximum possible instantaneous penetration (%) Söder Metric (%)
South Australia 22.06 20.00 > 80 118.63 67.08
Tasmania 5.06 5.00 > 15 % 18.04 9.96
Low penetration level means less than 5/100 % in annual energy values): That is When grid is at its lowest demand and supply is directly from base-load generation plants, and the grid is capable of absorbing wind energy by adjusting output of base-load system. Penetration is maximum or high (that is 5% to 20% of annual energy terms):
Here the grid is at its peak demand and supply is from base-load generation systems or plants. Here the grid absorb wind energy by adjusting output of base-load systems. However, the load plants exist in a range in which the output is adjusted.
Wind penetration level is, in fact, a technical quantitative indicator and it is considered low when is less than 5% of total installed generation in the system. However it is also a qualitative indicator when compared to an energy policy target. For instance, if a country, based on its system situation, has established 6% of maximum wind energy penetration, let's say for the next ten years, and it gets 5% in that period, it can be said that the wind penetration level was high (it reached 83% of the objective) .
Another way could be to refer to the key performance indicator (KPI) "hosting capacity" which is also used for grid planning.
This KPI describes the amount of power (e.g. wind turbines) which can be hosted by a specific distribution grid without violating any grid constraints or other KPIs of quality of supply.
The hosting capacity is different for each grid, since it depends on local conditions and can be calculated with power flow simulations.