In our laboratory we have been trying to prepare FTO glass by dip coating from SnCl4.5H20 and NH4F. We started the procedure by dissolving the precursors in ethanol and stirring them for a certain amount of time followed by mixing and ultrasonicacation. thereafter the solution was aged for 12 hours. we tried the dip coating by dipping the glass slides trice in the solutions, but we the solution seems to be forming aggregation rather than getting an uniform and clear film. The formed films are attached here. We have also tried spin coating but failed. We even added HCl as in some references the authors used HCl with SnCl2. Can anyone Please suggest if we need to add HCl and what is the amount should we add? Can Anyone please suggest a optimum formulation for the solution preparation for the preparation of FTO glass by dip coating from SnCl4.5H20 and NH4F from?