https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=22667

I( think that in a qualitative sense such is difficult to measure. I would suggest to work qualitatively trying to figure out what are important aspects that contribute to resilience.

Possible aspects are around likelihood generation through urban agriculture. Here it might be even possible to work quantitatively, trying to calculate what percentage urban agriculture does contribute to people's food security.

Other aspects are how urban agriculture can contribute to commercial agriculture. Here in the Pacific Islands urban agriculture has become important contribution to people's subsistence, but also to commercial urban food systems.

https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=22667

Eberhard Weber thank you.

The interconnected triple bottom line of people, planet, and prosperity, which underpins the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations in September 2015, can surely serve as a rich source of indicators of urban agriculture in a context of urban resilience. The social dimension might be expressed in terms of equitable distribution and consumption of affordable foods, improved nutrition from healthier diets of fruit and vegetables, etc. The environmental dimension might be expressed in terms of agroecosystem resilience. The economic dimension might be expressed in terms of higher profits in urban farms (sales revenue), job creation, reduced food waste, etc. Intangible benefits from, say, greening of open spaces, leisure, a sense of well-being, social linkages, etc. would also be relevant.

technically urban agriculture relates with urban livelihood sustaining mechanisms

So, urban agriculture with respect to food security/resilience in terms of giving response to both income and food supply may be measured:

- through measures of income disparity: rate of affluent Vs rural/suburb land holders appreciation or resistance to urban agriculture

- pace of urban sprawl susceptibility techniques including GIS or Econometric techniques

It seems to be a specific, context based study.Try some models, and simulate it.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230738894_Peri-Urban_to_Urban_Landscape_Patterns_Elucidation_through_Spatial_Metrics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229826816_Empirical_patterns_of_the_influence_of_Spatial_Resolution_of_Remote_Sensing_Data_on_Landscape_Metrics

to link the whole to urban livelihoods makes very much sense. Here one could do research of how much urban agriculture e.g. help people to reduce the expenses for food, which then can be conceptualized to diversify sources of livelihoods.

The response by India (and many nations around the world) to COVID-19 through a lockdown poses multiple challenges to overall system dynamics of Urban Resilience. Through the present blockade on supply-chains and the causal effect on food producers (agriculturists) in the harvesting season, we are going to witness a food crisis soon. Other than it's proven and propagated benefits, Urban Agriculture here can destress the situation by shortening the production-consumption loop. So, we can see a critical role of Urban Agriculture in Urban Resilience in the extreme situations.

I would give priority to the following measurements in order to be able to describe the characteristics of the urban landscape, and these are/could be the following:

1. Surface area (Ha.) in community, family gardens

2. Surface areas (Ha.) of built-environment where food is being grow (greenhouses and buildings for hydroponics, aquaponics, microgreens or mushroom cultivation, edible insects and/or birds like pigeons, quail chickens, ducks), roof top gardens

3. Surface areas (Ha.) of parks/green spaces, native habitat gardens and associated number of citizens who raise honey bees

3. Population demographic data involved in any of these urban farming activities

Urban agriculture and urban resilience are connected with food security.. I dont see any other parameter other than food security..

All other parameters are derivative to attain food security. The efficiency of the Urban agriculture methods used, determine the foodsecurity and so as urban resilience.

So the role of urban Agriculture(UA) to Urban resilience is the efficiency of UA to attain 'near food security';.. efficiency with respect to economical, environmental and people participation.

hi sir ..

i think the urban agriculture and urban resilience are connected with food security only.

Actually .. I agree with Dr. Eberhard Weber.

Vahid Ghahremani... thanks for this important question.

Apart from food security matters, you can debate on the social values, economic values, and institutional importance of urban agriculture for resilience enhancement. Such as for local food chain production, community enhancement, self sufficiency, and liveability at the community level.

Also to add, as a research approach, you could do people survey.

sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition