In Ethiopia, scarcity of potable water is becoming serious urban/towns problem.
hence, identifying potential areas/sources is important.
Ground water level measurements can be made with many types of instruments.
Steel tape is the most accurate method for taking water level reading.
Need to first study land use land cover of the area , then study the ground water table and climate of the region !
The go for modern water harvesting methods.
Dear Tarekegn Girma Fanta:
Storage of water:
Storage of water in surface and sub-soil regimes are assessed using the best method to measure local level and under ground and surface water potential in any given region is by actually doing spatial survey either by physical measurements or by digital mode using GPS Maps and respective grids.
There are certain methods by which sub soil water reserves in aquifers are also assessed for quantity assessment.
When water quality is needed to be monitored, specific sampling at sites are done and samples tested and records maintained.
The observations are recorded and mapped on charts, certain general levels of water availability are inferred and total area can be data- recorded as needed.
Water harvesting :
Water harvesting potential can be assessed and accordingly rain- water or storm water are harvested dependent on the permeability of soil and taken to aquifers.
The planned approach is used, 1st is containment of catchment of run- off water,
next will be filteration then for recharge using recharge bore or in surface ponds or streams.
Recycling of waste- water:
The water once used in the communities is processed and taken for reuse for secondary uses viz. irrigation of agri- farms or gardens Etc. If there are CTCs Community Toilet Complexes, then recycled water is re used for flushing toilets and general floor cleaning Etc. Water can be used for Industrial uses also.
well wishes,
Prof Ajit Seshadri
Vels University, India
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem in virtually every city on the planet. And, the few that do not have this problem have the problem of what to do with used water or waste water.
As other colleagues above have said, there are several tools to measure the water in the subsoil and, mainly, the surface. But, the most important thing is to always keep two things in mind: (1) How to conserve this water; and, (2) how to make use of the wastewater.
The potential of surface water and groundwater can be done by doing mass balance for a given basin.
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